Milk, Whey and their Coproducts

1 Introduction

Milk is a complex, multi-component system. In addition to traditional products like ice-cream and butter, milk is commonly transformed into a variety of dried ingredients. These range from commodities such as milk powder to more specialised ingredients like glycomacropeptide. Commodity-type ingredients are present in a wide variety of everyday foods, including bread, soups and chocolate, while specialised ingredients are often used in nutritional and medical applications.

This website contains notes to accompany the first half of the FS3016 module Ingredient Recovery from Milk, Whey and their Coproducts, which is taught to Food Science students at University College Cork. The module covers how dried dairy ingredients are manufactured, what waste-utilisation strategies are used and which functions specific ingredients have in food applications.

There are four hours of lectures each week at the following locations.

Day	Time	Location
Mon	10am	WW6
Mon	4pm	CUMMINS-110
Wed	9am	WW5
Wed	11am	WGB-G15

2 Delivery

The course can be broadly divided into three sections:

1. Introduction to the module and commodity-type dairy products
2. Detailed overview of evaporation and drying technology
3. Speciality dairy fractions and ingredient functionality

These will be covered — in turn — by Dr Shane Crowley, Dr Tom O’Callaghan and Prof Seamus O’Mahony.

Shane’s section will be delivered primarily using hand-drawn lectures in-person. You will be expected to take notes during these lectures and study the relevant notes on this website.

Note

This website will be updated as the module progresses.

3 Assessment

This module is delivered in the third year of your degree program, which is truncated because of your work placements/internships. For this reason, assessment is kept simple:

There is one exam at the end of semester worth 100% of your marks.

4 Content

Most of the material in Shane’s section will be found found on this website.

Additional pdf files will also be made available on Canvas to help you study for the exam.

5 The Website

The following sections provide some information on the approach taken when designing the website.

5.1 Structure

These notes are designed according to the Diátaxis framework. They are divided into four main categories:

1. Tutorials aim to give you some practical knowledge about solving problems while you study the course.
2. How-tos are short sets of instructions designed to help you achieve something.
3. Concepts are exploratory in nature and try to connect different ideas together to form explanations.
4. Reference notes are designed to give you concise, factual information.

Content in these sections can be accessed using the navigation bar. See Section 6 if you want to search the site using keywords.

In university courses these different sections are often mixed together, resulting in large bodies of text that require students to adapt to different styles of thinking at regular intervals. Diátaxis allows these notes to be presented in smaller units that can be studied in isolation before combining them together at a later stage.

While studying the module you may find different sections more helpful than others. References are essential to learn factual material but can become dry and abstract. Concepts can be interesting and refreshing but challenging to grasp quickly. Tutorials can give insights into practical applications of knowledge but may not be immediately useful. How-tos can get you some practical results quickly but they are necessarily narrow in scope.

While each section has its limitations they should work together to form an effective whole. Each student may choose to integrate the information in their own way and to give themselves the best chance at succeeding in the assessment.

5.2 Sources

The course notes are published as an Open-Source repository on GitHub. If you have a GitHub profile you are free to edit the material and submit your changes.

All diagrams are written in plain text in a /Diagrams/ folder using the Mermaid and Dot languages.

Recipes are created using the CookLang markup language in /Recipes/. This allows them to be written in a style close to natural language before they are automatically parsed to generate lists of steps and tables of data.

With this setup it is easy to update diagrams and recipes, which can then be transcluded from a single source to multiple outputs (e.g., slides, web, pdf).

6 Search the Site